Our John Muir Award Diary: saxons

The hedgerow we've selected to survey and monitor is on Easteds Lane which has a modern housing estate built around it.

Easteds Farmhouse is a C16 timber-framed building with red brick infilling. It has been refronted on the south side with weather-boarding on a brick base and has a Horsham stone roof. It is a listed building in our village and sits in a cul-de-sac of 1990s houses.

Just to the North of it are the village allotments where iron age remains have been discovered.

Connor and I paced out 30 yards which we've highlighted for future reference with holly at one end and horse chestnut at the other. The overall length of this hedge is 420ft.

The hedgerow runs in a north/south direction with a single lane track running partly alongside it and the housing estate road to the west and a large field to the east.

We took cuttings of as many species as we could find and once home laid them out for photographing and identification.

On the basis of the calculation AGE OF HEDGE = NUMBER OF SPECIES PER 30 YARDS X 100, we estimate that Easteds Lane hedgerow is 1,200 years old which makes it a Saxon hedgerow.

However in "Hedgerows, Their History and Wildlife" By Richard & Nina Muir, Richard Muir writes

“in our experience the theory is so beset by faults of various quite unrelated and serious kinds that it is fundamentally flawed and should not be the key components of research into local landscape history. This is a great shame, since if hedgerow-dating did deliver the goods it would be an invaluable weapon in the local historian’s armoury”.

So far the species we've been able to identify are as follows. If anyone spots any irregularities or mistakes or can help with the missing identities we'll happily be corrected in comments!

Top row left to right

Possibly Spindle?

Dog Rose

Hawthorn

Field Maple

Horse Chestnut

Middle

Round Leaved Dogwood

Bottom row left to right

Holly

Hazel

Possibly another Hawthorn - a different variety to that in the top row?

Unknown

Ash

Unknown

Spindle possibly?

Holly

Hazel

Single seed Hawthorn

Another variety of hawthorn or something else?

Round Leaved Dogwood

Dog Rose

Field Maple

Unknown

Ash

Unknown

Horse Chestnut

We've had such an exciting morning I don't know where to start but it all needs to get out of my head into a post before I forget any of it!

The excitement came in the form of Joan; the Chair of the Horsham District Archaeology Group. I sent our village history group an email asking if they had any information on hedgerows in the hope they might send us a couple of old photographs; but they went above and beyond my expectations and the email was forwarded to Joan who replied with old maps, information about our area, results of her own local hedgerow survey and an offer of further help...so of course I asked if she would be interested in showing us a particularly old hedgerow...and she said yes!

Firstly we sat at our dining table and Joan talked us through the history of Southwater and surrounding area. Joan has been involved in digs which have produced evidence of iron age settlers within a mile of our house. Many North/South paths in our area also indicate a strong presence of the Saxons too.

On route we drove down a track towards Great House Farm which had a Victorian hedgerow running either side of it. There were lengthy sections of the hedge that had very few species growing.

The hedgerow we were taken to surrounded Jackrells Farm, the farmhouse was originally built in the mid 1400s and has a heart/shield shaped field adjoining it which is considered to be extremely old and possibly what's left of ancient woodland after assarting.

We parked nearby and as we approached the public footpath, before even stepping over the stile, Joan immediately spotted Wood Sorrel, Ajuga, Wild Garlic and Holly - all ancient woodland indicators. She went on to say that Primroses, Bluebells, Lords & Ladies and Honeysuckle are also ancient woodland indicators. Either side were well established coppiced hazel woods.

It was a beautiful, warm morning and because we were on such a quiet lane we heard and saw buzzards meowing overhead as we wandered along and talked about the hedgerow and history of the area.

Just today without stopping to measure out a section for proper surveying we spotted the following plants in the hedgerow - there were many we missed I'm sure:

Elder
Holly
Hazel
Field Maple
Hawthorn - Possibly the presence of Midland Hawthorn which has 2 seeds.
Blackthorn
Honeysuckle - we were shown how to suck the honey out of the flower!
Butchers Broom (very rare) - You guessed it, once used by butchers to make brooms!
Small Leaved Lime (which can no longer propagate from seed, so is extremely rare)
Sycamore
Oak
Dogwood
Traveller's Joy

Joan talked about so many different periods in history and areas of interest it was hard to keep up. Within a very close vacinity she mentioned seeing wild daffodils and wild raspberries which are also further ancient woodland indicators.

We walked back to the car via a different route and Joan highlighted the high banks either side of the lane and told us that it's a sign of a very old lane and that it has sunk through good old wear and tear. Joan then took us on a "car safari", as she called it, to find the saxon remains of Sedgwick Castle.

The information Joan gave us on the history of local roads and farms etc was an added bonus, the amount of knowledge simply mind-blowing and I'll be honest a massive distraction; BUT one we're very grateful for. We ended the morning feeling very blessed to live in such a historically rich and interesting area.